Classes and phyla of the kingdom Fungi

Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Mikhailov, Kirill V.; Péter, Gábor; Aptroot, André; Pires-Zottarelli, Carmen L. A.; Goto, Bruno T.; Tokarev, Yuri S.; Haelewaters, Danny; Karunarathna, Samantha C.; Kirk, Paul M.; de A. Santiago, André L. C. M.; Saxena, Ramesh K.; Schoutteten, Nathan; Wimalasena, Madhara K.; Aleoshin, Vladimir V.; Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M. S.; Ariyawansa, Kahandawa G. S. U.; Assunção, Amanda R.; Bamunuarachchige, Thushara C.; Baral, Hans-Otto; Bhat, D. Jayarama; Błaszkowski, Janusz; Boekhout, Teun; Boonyuen, Nattawut; Brysch-Herzberg, Michael; Cao, Bin; Cazabonne, Jonathan; Chen, Xue-Mei; Coleine, Claudia; Dai, Dong-Qin; Daniel, Heide-Marie; da Silva, Suzana B. G.; de Souza, Francisco Adriano; Dolatabadi, Somayeh; Dubey, Manish K.; Dutta, Arun K.; Ediriweera, Aseni; Egidi, Eleonora; Elshahed, Mostafa S.; Fan, Xinlei; Felix, Juliana R. B.; Galappaththi, Mahesh C. A.; Groenewald, Marizeth; Han, Li-Su; Huang, Bo; Hurdeal, Vedprakash G.; Ignatieva, Anastasia N.; Jerônimo, Gustavo H.; de Jesus, Ana L.; Kondratyuk, Serhii; Kumla, Jaturong; Kukwa, Martin; Li, Qirui; Lima, Juliana L. R.; Liu, Xiao-Yong; Lu, Wenhua; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Madrid, Hugo; Magurno, Franco; Marson, Guy; McKenzie, Eric H. C.; Menkis, Audrius; Mešić, Armin; Nascimento, Elaine C. R.; Nassonova, Elena S.; Nie, Yong; Oliveira, Naasson V. L.; Ossowska, Emilia A.; Pawłowska, Julia; Peintner, Ursula; Pozdnyakov, Igor R.; Premarathne, Bhagya M.; Priyashantha, A. K. Hasith; Quandt, C. Alisha; Queiroz, Mariana B.; Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C.; Raza, Mubashar; Roy, Niranjan; Samarakoon, Milan C.; Santos, Alessandra A.; Santos, Lidiane A.; Schumm, Felix; Selbmann, Laura; Selçuk, Faruk; Simmons, D. Rabern; Simakova, Anastasia V.; Smith, Maudy Th.; Sruthi, Onden Paraparath; Suwannarach, Nakarin; Tanaka, Kazuaki; Tibpromma, Saowaluck; Tomás, Elias O.; Ulukapı, Merve; Van Vooren, Nicolas; Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N.; Weber, Evi; Wu, Qianzhen; Yang, Er Fu; Yoshioka, Ryuichi; Youssef, Noha H.; Zandijk, Annemarie; Zhang, Gui-Qing; Zhang, Jin-Yong; Zhao, Heng; Zhao, RuiLin; Zverkov, Oleg A.; Thines, Marco; Karpov, Sergey A. (2024) Classes and phyla of the kingdom Fungi. Fungal Diversity, 128 . ISSN 1878-9129

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Official URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13225-0...

Abstract

Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms with an estimated number of species in the range of 2–3 million. The higher-level ranking of fungi has been discussed in the framework of molecular phylogenetics since Hibbett et al., and the definition and the higher ranks (e.g., phyla) of the ‘true fungi’ have been revised in several subsequent publications. Rapid accumulation of novel genomic data and the advancements in phylogenetics now facilitate a robust and precise foundation for the higher-level classification within the kingdom. This study provides an updated classification of the kingdom Fungi, drawing upon a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of Holomycota, with which we outline well-supported nodes of the fungal tree and explore more contentious groupings. We accept 19 phyla of Fungi, viz. Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota, Sanchytriomycota, and Zoopagomycota. In the phylogenies, Caulochytriomycota resides in Chytridiomycota; thus, the former is regarded as a synonym of the latter, while Caulochytriomycetes is viewed as a class in Chytridiomycota. We provide a description of each phylum followed by its classes. A new subphylum, Sanchytriomycotina Karpov is introduced as the only subphylum in Sanchytriomycota. The subclass Pneumocystomycetidae Kirk et al. in Pneumocystomycetes, Ascomycota is invalid and thus validated. Placements of fossil fungi in phyla and classes are also discussed, providing examples.

Item Type:

Article

Uncontrolled Keywords:

Caulochytriomycota; Phylogenomic analyses; Pneumocystomycetidae; Sanchytriomycotina

Subjects:

NATURAL SCIENCES > Biology > Microbiology
NATURAL SCIENCES > Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences

Divisions:

Division for Marine and Enviromental Research

Projects: