Photodynamic Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila Biofilm Formation by Cationic Tetra- and Tripyridylporphyrins in Waters of Different Hardness

Mušković, Martina; Ćavar, Iva; Lesar, Andrija; Lončarić, Martin; Malatesti, Nela; Gobin, Ivana (2021) Photodynamic Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila Biofilm Formation by Cationic Tetra- and Tripyridylporphyrins in Waters of Different Hardness. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22 (16). ISSN 1422-0067

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Abstract

The bacterium Legionella pneumophila is still one of the probable causes of waterborne diseases, causing serious respiratory illnesses. In the aquatic systems, L. pneumophila exists inside free-living amoebae or can form biofilms. Currently developed disinfection methods are not sufficient for complete eradication of L. pneumophila biofilms in water systems of interest. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a method that results in an antimicrobial effect by using a combination of light and a photosensitizer (PS). In this work, the effect of PDI in waters of natural origin and of different hardness, as a treatment against L. pneumophila biofilm, was investigated. Three cationic tripyridylporphyrins, which were previously described as efficient agents against L. pneumophila alone, were used as PSs. We studied how differences in water hardness affect the PSs’ stability, the production of singlet oxygen, and the PDI activity on L. pneumophila adhesion and biofilm formation and in biofilm destruction. Amphiphilic porphyrin showed a stronger tendency for aggregation in hard and soft water, but its production of singlet oxygen was higher in comparison to tri- and tetracationic hydrophilic porphyrins that were stable in all water samples. All three studied porphyrins were shown to be effective as PDI agents against the adhesion of the L. pneumophila to polystyrene, against biofilm formation, and in the destruction of the formed biofilm, in their micromolar concentrations. However, a higher number of dissolved ions, i.e., water hardness, generally reduced somewhat the PDI activity of all the porphyrins at all tested biofilm growth stages.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Porphyrins ; Disinfection ; Legionella pneumophila ; Biofilm ; Water hardness ; Singlet oxygen
Subjects:	INTERDISCIPLINARY AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE > Biotechnology in Biomedicine (natural science, biomedicine and healthcare, bioethics area
Divisions:	Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices
Projects:	Project title Project leader Project code Project type Priprema lipidnih konjugata piridilporfirina, njihova karakterizacija i fotodinamička aktivnost Malatesti, Nela uniri-prirod-18-173 NadSve Oportunistički patogeni vodoopskrbnog sustava: novi izazov u obradi voda Gobin, Ivana uniri-biomed-18-171 NadSve Potpora vrhunskim istraživanjima Centra izvrsnosti za napredne materijale i senzore Ivanda, Mile; Jakšić, Milko; Stipčević, Mario; Kralj, Marko KK.01.1.1.01.0001 EK
Depositing User:	Martin Lončarić
Date Deposited:	30 Dec 2021 14:30
URI:	http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/6849
DOI:	10.3390/ijms22169095

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