Biomechanics of chromosome alignment at the spindle midplane

Risteski, Patrik; Jagrić, Mihaela; Pavin, Nenad; Tolić, Iva Marija (2021) Biomechanics of chromosome alignment at the spindle midplane. Current Biology, 31 (10). R574-R585. ISSN 09609822

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Abstract

During metaphase, chromosomes are aligned in a lineup at the equatorial plane of the spindle to ensure synchronous poleward movement of chromatids in anaphase and proper nuclear reformation at the end of mitosis. Chromosome alignment relies on microtubules, several types of motor protein and numerous other microtubule-associated and regulatory proteins. Because of the multitude of players involved, the mechanisms of chromosome alignment are still under debate. Here, we discuss the current models of alignment based on poleward pulling forces exerted onto sister kinetochores by kinetochore microtubules, which show length-dependent dynamics and undergo poleward flux, and polar ejection forces that push the chromosome arms away from the pole. We link these models with the recent ideas based on mechanical coupling between bridging and kinetochore microtubules, where sliding of bridging microtubules promotes overlap length-dependent sliding of kinetochore fibers and thus the alignment of sister kinetochores at the spindle equator. Finally, we discuss theoretical models of forces acting on chromosomes during metaphase.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	chromosome ; spindle ; metaphase
Subjects:	NATURAL SCIENCES > Physics > Biophysics and Medical Physics NATURAL SCIENCES > Biology > Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Divisions:	Division of Molecular Biology
Projects:	Project title Project leader Project code Project type Molecular origins of aneuploidies in healthy and diseased human tissues-ANEUPLOIDY Iva Tolić; Nenad Pavin 855158 EK Mehanizmi nastajanja snopova mikrotubula potrebni za sazrijevanje diobenog vretena-SpindleForm Iva Tolić PZS-2019-02-7653 HRZZ Ravnoteža sila i momenta sila u diobenom vretenu-SpindleForceBalance Nenad Pavin IP-2019-04-5967 HRZZ Inovativni protokoli mikroskopije za interdisciplinarna istraživanja u biomedicini-IPSted Iva Tolić KK.01.1.1.04.0057 EK Provedba vrhunskih istraživanja u sklopu Znanstvenog centra izvrsnosti za kvantne i kompleksne sustave te reprezentacije Liejevih algebri-QuantiXLie Hrvoje Buljan; Pavle Pandžić KK.01.1.1.01.0004 EK
Depositing User:	Maša Sabo
Date Deposited:	07 Sep 2021 09:12
URI:	http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/6532
DOI:	10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.082

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