Hydrogen Bonds as Stability-Controlling Elements of Spherical Aggregates of ZnO Nanoparticles: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Approach

Šarić, Ankica; Despotović, Ines (2023) Hydrogen Bonds as Stability-Controlling Elements of Spherical Aggregates of ZnO Nanoparticles: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Approach. Materials, 16 (13). ISSN 1996-1944

PDF - Published Version - article Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (3MB)

Abstract

The effects of various organic additives, such as diethanolamine (DEA) and ethanolamine (EA), and variations in aging times on the formation and stability mechanisms of spherical aggregates of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by using solvothermal synthesis were studied. The experimental results of the structural, morphological and optical properties monitored by using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy were supported by quantum chemical calculations at the level of density functional theory (DFT). Understanding the mechanism of spherical ZnO aggregate formation and its stability by mimicking the processes at the computer level was achieved through theoretical simulations of the ZnO surface/additive interactions using (ZnO)36–DEA and (ZnO)36–EA models. The fine-tuned spherical aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles was driven by various interactions, in particular, strong O–H∙∙∙O and weak N–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds as controlling interactions. The calculated negative free release energy, ∆G*INT, indicates that the ZnO surface/additive interaction in diethanolamine media is a spontaneous exergonic process (∆G*INT = −7.73 kcal mol−1), whereas, in ethanolamine media, it is an unfavorable, slightly endergonic process (∆G*INT > 0). The presence of two strong O–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds and, at the same time, a weaker N–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond is the key factor for the very good and long-term aggregate stability of ZnO NPs in DEA media. This integrated experimental–theoretical study highlights the stability and compactness of spherical ZnO aggregates of ZnO NPs, prepared in the presence of diethanolamine compared to ethanolamine media, and provides a promising method and flexible design of ZnO nanomaterials to improve their adsorptive and optical properties.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	ZnO nanoparticles; scanning electron microscopy; density functional theory (DFT); hydrogen bonds; diethanolamine; ethanolamine
Subjects:	NATURAL SCIENCES > Chemistry NATURAL SCIENCES > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry
Divisions:	Division of Materials Physics Division of Physical Chemistry
Depositing User:	Josipa Karadžole
Date Deposited:	24 Mar 2026 13:56
URI:	http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/11448
DOI:	10.3390/ma16134843

Actions (login required)

View Item