Metal release profiles of NiTi and stainless steel orthodontic appliances: the influence of proteinaceous immersion media vs artificial saliva

Didović, Mirna Petković; Kara, Koray; Badovinac, Ivana Jelovica; Peter, Robert; Fiket, Željka; Suman, Iva; Kowalkowski, Tomasz; Jurešić, Gordana Čanadi (2025) Metal release profiles of NiTi and stainless steel orthodontic appliances: the influence of proteinaceous immersion media vs artificial saliva. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 36 (1). ISSN 1573-4838

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Abstract

When measured in vitro, the release of metal ions from orthodontic alloys is typically carried out in artificial saliva (AS), a medium with many advantages but lacking the biological complexity of natural human saliva. In this study, we measured ion release profiles from the complete orthodontic fixed appliance, comprising stainless steel and NiTi parts, in a proteinaceous media (yeast extract peptone dextrose, YPD) and compared it to AS. Two immersion models were used, differing in medium replenishment dynamics. To elucidate the metal release results, surface chemistry and topography were analysed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) followed by roughness analysis, and elemental analysis of the top micrometric and nanometric layer (SEM/EDX and XPS analyses).The results showed that proteinaceous media promoted the leaching of Fe, Cu, and Al while suppressing Ni and Cr. Ni2+ and Cr3+ ions were detected in the top layer on NiTi in AS, but not in YPD. A rough “wavy” surface layer was formed in AS, as opposed to smaller sharper entities formed in YPD. Cu(I) compounds on orthodontic bands were detected in both media. The replenishment of the media during immersion influenced the development of surface chemistry and ion leaching for both types of media, AS and YPD. The results obtained in this study are expected to provide a significant advancement over previous studies using artificial saliva (only).

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	ion release; orthodontic appliance; YPD; NiTi; roughness parameters
Subjects:	BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE
Divisions:	Division for Marine and Enviromental Research
Projects:	Project title Project leader Project code Project type Utvrđivanje pojavnosti, uzroka i štetnih učinaka oksidativnog stresa izazvanog uporabom fiksnih ortodontskih naprava- Gordana Čanadi-Jurešić IPS-2020-01-7418 HRZZ Utvrđivanje štetnih učinaka metalnih iona eluiranih iz ortodontskih materija Gordana Čanadi Jurešić uniri-iskusni-biomed-23-102 UNIRI Stari antibiotik, nova primjena: Nitroksolin kao inhibitor adhezije uropatogenih bakterija na urinarne kateter Mirna Petković-Didović uniri-iskusni-prirod-23-92 UNIRI
Depositing User:	Kristina Ciglar
Date Deposited:	10 Nov 2025 11:24
URI:	http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/10184
DOI:	10.1007/s10856-025-06885-4

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