Gauge Invariance at Large Charge

Antipin, Oleg; Bednyakov, Alexander; Bersini, Jahmall; Panopoulos, Pantelis; Pikelner, Andrey (2023) Gauge Invariance at Large Charge. Physical Review Letters, 130 (2). ISSN 0031-9007

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Abstract

Quantum field theories with global symmetries simplify considerably in the large-charge limit allowing us to compute correlators via a semiclassical expansion in the inverse powers of the conserved charges. A generalization of the approach to gauge symmetries has faced the problem of defining gauge-independent observables and, therefore, has not been developed so far. We employ the large-charge expansion to calculate the scaling dimension of the lowest-lying operators carrying U(1) charge Q in the critical Abelian Higgs model in D=4-ε dimensions to leading and next-to-leading orders in the charge and all orders in the ε expansion. Remarkably, the results match our independent diagrammatic computation of the three-loop scaling dimension of the operator ϕQ(x) in the Landau gauge. We argue that this matching is a consequence of the equivalence between the gauge-independent dressed two-point function of Dirac type with the gauge-dependent two-point function of ϕQ(x) in the Landau gauge. We, therefore, shed new light on the problem of defining gauge-independent exponents which has been controversial in the literature on critical superconductors, as well as lay the foundation for large-charge methods in gauge theories.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Type-II superconductors ; Conformal field theory; Diagrammatic methods Gauge theory techniques
Subjects:	NATURAL SCIENCES > Physics > Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields
Divisions:	Theoretical Physics Division
Depositing User:	Oleg Antipin
Date Deposited:	16 Jan 2025 09:33
URI:	http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/9470
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.021602

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