Sabater, J.; Best, P. N.; Tasse, C.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Shimwell, T. W.; Nisbet, D.; Jelić, Vibor; Callingham, J. R.; Röttgering, H. J. A.; Bonato, M.; Bondi, M.; Ciardi, B.; Cochrane, R. K.; Jarvis, M. J.; Kondapally, R.; Koopmans, L. V. E.; O’Sullivan, S. P.; Prandoni, I.; Schwarz, D. J.; Smith, D. J. B.; Wang, L.; Williams, W. L.; Zaroubi, S. (2021) The LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey: Deep Fields Data Release 1. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648 . ISSN 0004-6361
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Abstract
The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) will cover the full northern sky and, additionally, aims to observe the LoTSS deep fields to a noise level of ≲10 μJy beam−1 over several tens of square degrees in areas that have the most extensive ancillary data. This paper presents the ELAIS-N1 deep field, the deepest of the LoTSS deep fields to date. With an effective observing time of 163.7 h, it reaches a root mean square noise level of ≲20 μJy beam−1 in the central region (and below 30 μJy beam−1 over 10 square degrees). The resolution is ~6 arcsecs and 84 862 radio sources were detected in the full area (68 square degrees) with 74 127 sources in the highest quality area at less than 3 degrees from the pointing centre. The observation reaches a sky density of more than 5000 sources per square degree in the central region (~5 square degrees). We present the calibration procedure, which addresses the special configuration of some observations and the extended bandwidth covered (115-177 MHz ; central frequency 146.2 MHz) compared to standard LoTSS. We also describe the methods used to calibrate the flux density scale using cross-matching with sources detected by other radio surveys in the literature. We find the flux density uncertainty related to the flux density scale to be ~6.5 per cent. By studying the variations of the flux density measurements between different epochs, we show that relative flux density calibration is reliable out to about a 3 degree radius, but that additional flux density uncertainty is present for all sources at about the 3 per cent level ; this is likely to be associated with residual calibration errors, and is shown to be more significant in datasets with poorer ionosphere conditions. We also provide intra-band spectral indices, which can be useful to detect sources with unusual spectral properties. The final uncertainty in the flux densities is estimated to be ~10 per cent for ELAIS-N1.
| Item Type: | Article | ||||||||
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | surveys ; catalogs ; radio continuum: general ; radio continuum: galaxies | ||||||||
| Subjects: | NATURAL SCIENCES > Physics NATURAL SCIENCES > Physics > Astronomy and Astrophysics |
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| Divisions: | Division of Experimental Physics | ||||||||
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| Depositing User: | Vibor Jelić | ||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 08 Sep 2021 13:30 | ||||||||
| URI: | http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/6547 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1051/0004-6361/202038828 |
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