Cerebrospinal fluid in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: an update of the literature

Miloš, Tina; Vuić, Barbara; Balić, Nikola; Farkaš, Vladimir; Nedić Erjavec, Gordana; Švob Štrac, Dubravka; Nikolac Perković, Matea; Pivac, Nela (2024) Cerebrospinal fluid in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: an update of the literature. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 24 (11). pp. 1063-1079. ISSN 1744-8360

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Abstract

Introduction: The importance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis is rapidly increasing, and there is a growing interest in the use of CSF biomarkers in monitoring the response to therapy, especially in the light of newly available approaches to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Areas covered: In this review we discuss the most relevant measures of neurodegeneration that are being used to distinguish patients with AD from healthy controls and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, in order to provide an overview of the latest information available in the scientific literature. We focus on markers related to amyloid processing, markers associated with neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, neuroaxonal injury and degeneration, synaptic loss and dysfunction, and markers of α-synuclein pathology. Expert opinion: In addition to neuropsychological evaluation, core CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau181) have been recommended for improvement of timely, accurate and differential diagnosis of AD, as well as to assess the risk and rate of disease progression. In addition to the core CSF biomarkers, various other markers related to synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and glial activation (neurogranin, SNAP-25, Nfl, YKL-40, TREM2) are now investigated and have yet to be validated for future potential clinical use in AD diagnosis.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	“This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2024.2400683”
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Alzheimer’s disease; Amyloid-beta; cerebrospinal fluid; neuroaxonal injury; neuroinflammation; α-synuclein; synaptic dysfunction; tau
Subjects:	BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE > Basic Medical Sciences > Neuroscience
Divisions:	Division of Molecular Medicine
Projects:	Project title Project leader Project code Project type Terapijski potencijal neurosteroida i neurotrofina u demenciji-TePoNeDe Dubravka Švob Štrac IP-2019-04-6100 HRZZ Terapijski potencijal neurosteroida i neurotrofina u demenciji Matea Nikolac Perković DOK-2021-02-2553 HRZZ Terapijski potencijal neurosteroida i neurotrofina u demenciji Dubravka Švob Štrac DOK-2020-01-3622 HRZZ
Depositing User:	Dubravka Švob Štrac
Date Deposited:	22 Jan 2026 09:48
URI:	http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/11013
DOI:	10.1080/14737175.2024.2400683

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