Ferroelectric Properties of Lead-Free Ceramics Prepared by Solid-State Synthesis

Robić, Marko; Bradeško, Andraž; Lachhab, Meryem; Verdel, David; Malič, Barbara; Otoničar, Mojca Ferroelectric Properties of Lead-Free Ceramics Prepared by Solid-State Synthesis. In: Solid-State Science & Research 2025 (2 July 2025 - 4 July 2025) Hrvatska, Zagreb, Kemijski odsjek PMFa.

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Abstract

Ferroelectric materials exhibit spontaneous polarization that can be reversed by applying an external electric field. They represent an important class of functional materials used in various devices, including sensors, hydrophones, ultrasound transducers, detectors, etc. However, most high-performance ferroelectric materials currently in use are lead-based, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Following the European Union’s lead-free directive introduced over two decades ago, significant research efforts have been directed toward developing environmentally friendly, lead-free alternatives like sodium bismuth titanate (NBT), barium titanate (BT), bismuth ferrite (BFO), and potassium sodium niobate (KNN) [1]. This study focuses on the solid-state synthesis of NBT-based ceramics (Na0,5Bi0,5TiO3), selected for their relatively high Curie temperature, strong coercive field, and promising piezoelectric properties [2]. The influence of specific cation substitutions at controlled concentrations within the ABO₃ perovskite structure was investigated, alongside variations in sintering time and temperature. The resulting effects on density, microstructure, chemical composition, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrical and ferroelectric measurements were carried out to examine the temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric constant (ε), as well as piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) and polarization behavior (P–E hysteresis loops). This research offers strategies for optimizing the functional properties of NBT-based ferroelectric ceramics.

Item Type:	Unpublished conference/workshop items or lecture materials
Uncontrolled Keywords:	ferroelectrics; relaxor; dielectrics; solid-state; ceramics
Subjects:	NATURAL SCIENCES > Chemistry > Inorganic Chemistry NATURAL SCIENCES > Chemistry > Applied Chemistry
Divisions:	Division of Materials Chemistry
Depositing User:	Marko Robić
Date Deposited:	16 Dec 2025 10:12
URI:	http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/10487

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