Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Related Signaling Pathways in Neuroprotection

Jazvinšćak Jembrek, Maja (2024) Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Related Signaling Pathways in Neuroprotection. Antioxidants, 13 (9). ISSN 2076-3921

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Abstract

Oxidative stress, characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disturbed redox homeostasis, is one of the key mechanisms underlying synaptic loss and neuronal death in various neurodegenerative diseases. It is closely linked to other pathological processes that exacerbate neuronal damage at both cellular and molecular levels. These includes disturbance of calcium homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, excitotoxicity, alterations of the brain lipid profile, impairment of mitochondrial function, and deregulation of intracellular signaling pathways. Together with the formation of protein aggregates and aberrant protein clearance, these events initiate pronounced microglial activation, inflammatory response, and cytokine release, ultimately leading to cell death. Recently, a great interest has been directed towards the ROS-induced nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which promotes the release of inflammatory mediators and triggers pyroptosis, a form of inflammation-dependent programmed cell death that plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases. Eventually, all these mechanisms compromise synaptic transmission and impair neuronal circuitry in specific brain areas, leading to the progressive decline of motoric and cognitive abilities.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	oxidative stress; antioxidants; neuroprotection; neuronal death
Subjects:	NATURAL SCIENCES > Chemistry NATURAL SCIENCES > Biology > Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Divisions:	Division of Molecular Medicine
Depositing User:	Sanja Jurković
Date Deposited:	17 Apr 2025 14:02
URI:	http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/9714
DOI:	10.3390/antiox13091033

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