Comparative Analysis of Alpha and Beta HPV E6 Oncoproteins: Insights into Functional Distinctions and Divergent Mechanisms of Pathogenesis

Skelin, Josipa; Tomaić, Vjekoslav (2023) Comparative Analysis of Alpha and Beta HPV E6 Oncoproteins: Insights into Functional Distinctions and Divergent Mechanisms of Pathogenesis. Viruses, 15 (11). ISSN 1999-4915

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Abstract

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) represent a diverse group of DNA viruses that infect epithelial cells of mucosal and cutaneous tissues, leading to a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes. Among various HPVs, alpha (alpha) and beta (beta) types have garnered significant attention due to their associations with human health. alpha-HPVs are primarily linked to infections of the mucosa, with high-risk subtypes, such as HPV16 and HPV18, being the major etiological agents of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. In contrast, beta-HPVs are predominantly associated with cutaneous infections and are commonly found on healthy skin. However, certain beta-types, notably HPV5 and HPV8, have been implicated in the development of non-melanoma skin cancers in immunocompromised individuals, highlighting their potential role in pathogenicity. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the similarities and differences between alpha- and beta-HPV E6 oncoproteins, one of the major drivers of viral replication and cellular transformation, and how these impact viral fitness and the capacity to induce malignancy. In particular, we compare the mechanisms these oncoproteins use to modulate common cellular processes-apoptosis, DNA damage repair, cell differentiation, and the immune response-further shedding light on their shared and distinct features, which enable them to replicate at divergent locations of the human body and cause different types of cancer.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	E6 oncoprotein; HNSCC; alpha-HPV; beta-HPV; cSCC; cervical cancer
Subjects:	BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE > Clinical Medical Sciences BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE > Clinical Medical Sciences > Oncology
Divisions:	Division of Molecular Medicine
Depositing User:	Diana Mikoč Radešić
Date Deposited:	30 Aug 2024 08:26
URI:	http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/9035
DOI:	10.3390/v15112253

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