Daily modulations and broadband strategy in axion searches: An application with the CAST-CAPP detector

(CAST Collaboration) Caspers F.; Adair C.M.; Altenmüller K.; Anastassopoulos V.; Arguedas Cuendis S.; Baier J.; Barth K.; Belov A.; Božičević, Dorotea; Bräuninger H.; Cantatore G.; Castel J.F.; Çetin S.A.; Chung W.; Choi H.; Choi J.; Dafni T.; Davenport M.; Dermenev A.; Desch K.; Döbrich B.; Fischer H.; Funk W.; Galan J.; Gardikiotis A.; Gninenko S.; Golm J.; Hasinoff M.D.; Hoffmann D.H.H.; Díez Ibáñez D.; Irastorza I.G.; Jakovčić, Krešimir; Kaminski J.; Karuza, Marin; Krieger C.; Kutlu Ç.; Lakić Biljana; Laurent J.M.; Lee J.; Lee S.; Luzón G.; Margalejo C.; Maroudas M.; Miceli L.; Mirallas H.; Obis L.; Özbey A.; Özbozduman K.; Pivovaroff M.J.; Rosu M.; Ruz J.; Ruiz-Chóliz E.; Schmidt S.; Semertzidis Y.K.; Solanki S.K.; Stewart L.; Tsagris I.; Vafeiadis T.; Vogel J.K.; Vretenar, Mario; Youn S.; Zhitnitsky A.; Zioutas K. (2025) Daily modulations and broadband strategy in axion searches: An application with the CAST-CAPP detector. Physical Review D, 111 (8). ISSN 2470-0010

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Abstract

It has been previously advocated that the presence of the daily and annual modulations of the axion flux on the Earth's surface may dramatically change the strategy of the axion searches. The arguments were based on the so-called Axion Quark Nugget (AQN) dark matter model which was originally put forward to explain the similarity of the dark and visible cosmological matter densities Omega dark Omega visible. In this framework, the population of galactic axions with mass 10-6 eV ma 10-3 eV and velocity hvai 10-3c will be accompanied by axions with typical velocities hvai 0.6c emitted by AQNs. Furthermore, in this framework, it has also been argued that the AQN-induced axion daily modulation (in contrast with the conventional weakly interactive massive particle paradigm) could be as large as (10-20)%, representing the main motivation for the present investigation. We argue that the daily modulations along with the broadband detection strategy can be very useful tools for the discovery of such relativistic axions. The data from the CAST-CAPP detector have been used following such arguments. Unfortunately, due to the dependence of the amplifier chain on temperature-dependent gain drifts and other factors, we could not conclusively show the presence or absence of a dark sector-originated daily modulation. However, this proof of principle analysis procedure can serve as a reference for future studies.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	axions; dark matter; dark matter detectors; invariance
Subjects:	NATURAL SCIENCES > Physics > Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields
Divisions:	Division of Experimental Physics
Depositing User:	Ema Buhin Šaler
Date Deposited:	09 Apr 2026 06:50
URI:	http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/11624
DOI:	10.1103/PhysRevD.111.082009

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