Komazec, Bruno; Cvjetko, Petra; Balen, Biljana; Letofsky-Papst, Ilse; Lyons, Daniel Mark; Peharec Štefanić, Petra (2023) The occurrence of oxidative stress induced by silver nanoparticles in Chlorella vulgaris depends on the surface-stabilizing agent. Nanomaterials, 13 (13). ISSN 2079-4991
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Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of great interest due to their antimicrobial properties, but their reactivity and toxicity pose a significant risk to aquatic ecosystems. In biological systems, AgNPs tend to aggregate and dissolve, so they are often stabilized by agents that affect their physicochemical properties. In this study, microalga Chlorella vulgaris was used as a model organism to evaluate the effects of AgNPs in aquatic habitats. Algae were exposed to AgNPs stabilized with citrate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) agents and to AgNO3 at concentrations that allowed 75% cell survival after 72 h. To investigate algal response, silver accumulation, ROS content, damage to biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and DNA), activity of antioxidant enzymes (APX, PPX, CAT, SOD), content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline and GSH), and changes in ultrastructure were analyzed. The results showed that all treatments induced oxidative stress and adversely affected algal cells. AgNO3 resulted in the fastest death of algae compared to both AgNPs, but the extent of oxidative damage and antioxidant enzymatic defense was similar to AgNP-citrate. Furthermore, AgNP-CTAB showed the least toxic effect and caused the least oxidative damage. These results highlight the importance of surface-stabilizing agents in determining the phytotoxicity of AgNPs and the underlying mechanisms affecting aquatic organisms.
| Item Type: | Article | ||||||||||||
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | surface coatings; silver nanoparticles; silver ions; silver uptake; ROS content; biomolecule damage; antioxidant enzymes activity; non-enzymatic antioxidant content; ultrastructure; Chlorella vulgaris | ||||||||||||
| Subjects: | NATURAL SCIENCES > Chemistry > Physical Chemistry NATURAL SCIENCES > Biology > Biochemistry and Molecular Biology NATURAL SCIENCES > Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences > Marine Science |
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| Divisions: | Center for Marine Research | ||||||||||||
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| Depositing User: | Daniel Mark Lyons | ||||||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 09 Jan 2026 06:33 | ||||||||||||
| URI: | http://fulir.irb.hr/id/eprint/10771 | ||||||||||||
| DOI: | 10.3390/nano13131967 |
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