Update on the core and developing cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer disease

Babić, Mirjana; Švob Štrac, Dubravka; Mueck Šeler, Dorotea; Pivac, Nela; Stanić, Gabrijela; Hof, Patrick R.; Šimić, Goran (2014) Update on the core and developing cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer disease. Croatian Medical Journal, 55 (4). pp. 347-365. ISSN 0353-9504

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Official URL: http://www.cmj.hr/2014/55/4/25165049.htm

Abstract

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, whose prevalence will dramatically rise by 2050. Despite numerous clinical trials investigating this disease, there is still no effective treatment. Many trials showed negative or inconclusive results, possibly because they recruited only patients with severe disease, who had not undergone disease- modifying therapies in preclinical stages of AD before severe degeneration occurred. Detection of AD in asymptomatic at risk individuals (and a few presymptomatic individuals who carry an autosomal dominant monogenic AD mutation) remains impractical in many of clinical situations and is possible only with reliable biomarkers. In addition to early diagnosis of AD, biomarkers should serve for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy. To date, the most promising biomarkers are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuroimaging biomarkers. Core CSF biomarkers (amyloid β1-42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau) showed a high diagnostic accuracy but were still unreliable for preclinical detection of AD. Hence, there is an urgent need for detection and validation of novel CSF biomarkers that would enable early diagnosis of AD in asymptomatic individuals. This article reviews recent research advances on biomarkers for AD, focusing mainly on the CSF biomarkers. In addition to core CSF biomarkers, the potential usefulness of novel CSF biomarkers is discussed.

Item Type:

Article

Uncontrolled Keywords:

Alzheimer's disease; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid; early diagnosis

Subjects:

BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE > Basic Medical Sciences
BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE > Clinical Medical Sciences
SOCIAL SCIENCES > Psychology

Divisions:

Division of Molecular Medicine

Projects:

Project title	Project leader	Project code	Project type
Otkrivanje i praćenje bioloških biljega radi rane terapijske intervencije u Alzheimerovoj bolesti	Goran Šimić	IS-09/16	HRZZ
Stres, GABA-A receptori i mehanizmi djelovanja neuropsihofarmaka	Dubravka Švob Štrac	098-0000000-2448	MZOS
Farmakogenomika i proteomika serotoninskog i kateholaminskog sustava	Dorotea Muck-Šeler	098-0982522-2457	MZOS
Molekularna podloga i liječenje psihijatrijskih i stresom izazvanih poremećaja	Nela Pivac	098-0982522-2455	MZOS
Fosforilacija tau proteina u razvitku i Alzheimerovoj bolesti	Goran Šimić	108-1081870-1942	MZOS