Anaphase B: Long-standing models meet new concepts

Vukušić, Kruno; Tolić, Iva M. (2021) Anaphase B: Long-standing models meet new concepts. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 117 . pp. 127-139. ISSN 10849521

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Official URL: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.023

Abstract

Mitotic cell divisions ensure stable transmission of genetic information from a mother to daughter cells in a series of generations. To ensure this crucial task is accomplished, the cell forms a bipolar structure called the mitotic spindle that divides sister chromatids to the opposite sides of the dividing mother cell. After successful establishment of stable attachments of microtubules to chromosomes and inspection of connections between them, at the heart of mitosis, the cell starts the process of segregation. This spectacular moment in the life of a cell is termed anaphase, and it involves two distinct processes: depolymerization of microtubules bound to chromosomes, which is also known as anaphase A, and elongation of the spindle or anaphase B. Both processes ensure physical separation of disjointed sister chromatids. In this chapter, we review the mechanisms of anaphase B spindle elongation primarily in mammalian systems, combining different pioneering ideas and concepts with more recent findings that shed new light on the force generation and regulation of biochemical modules operating during spindle elongation. Finally, we present a comprehensive model of spindle elongation that includes structural, biophysical, and molecular aspects of anaphase B.

Item Type:

Article

Uncontrolled Keywords:

anaphase B ; spindle elongation ; motor proteins ; microtubule sliding ; chromosome segregation ; microtubule pushing ; microtubule pulling

Subjects:

NATURAL SCIENCES > Physics > Biophysics and Medical Physics
NATURAL SCIENCES > Biology > Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Divisions:

Division of Molecular Biology

Projects:

Project title	Project leader	Project code	Project type
Molecular origins of aneuploidies in healthy and diseased human tissues-ANEUPLOIDY	Iva Tolić; Nenad Pavin	855158	EK
Mehanizmi nastajanja snopova mikrotubula potrebni za sazrijevanje diobenog vretena-SpindleForm	Iva Tolić	PZS-2019-02-7653	HRZZ
Inovativni protokoli mikroskopije za interdisciplinarna istraživanja u biomedicini-IPSted	Iva Tolić	KK.01.1.1.04.0057	EK
Provedba vrhunskih istraživanja u sklopu Znanstvenog centra izvrsnosti za kvantne i kompleksne sustave te reprezentacije Liejevih algebri-QuantiXLie	Hrvoje Buljan; Pavle Pandžić	KK.01.1.1.01.0004	EK
A new class of microtubules in the spindle exerting forces on kinetochores-NewSpindleForce	Iva Tolić	647077	EK